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Objective To explore the influence factors of hyperarousal,personality characteristics and coping strategies on the vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance.Methods A total of 345 sleep good healthy volunteers were recruited bypurposive sampling technique.Every participant completed an extensive survey that included the general condition questionnaire,Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST),PreSleep Arousal Scale (PSAS),NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEOPI-R),Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and Heart Rate Variability(HRV).All participants were classified as High risk group andLow risk group by using the FIRST criterion.Results The high risk group was younger than the low risk group (27.91±8.22 vs 24.82±7.73,P＜0.01),and had a higher percentage of females (34.7％ vs 53.4％,P＜0.05).The high risk group showed significantly higher scores in PSAS total (30.11±6.22),pesleep cognitive arousal (17.73± 4.51),presleep somatic arousal (12.78 ± 3.23),neuroticism (3.13 ± 0.51),emotion oriented (48.98 ± 10.54),but lower score in extraversion (2.96±0.54),then those indicators of the low risk group (28.52±5.82,16.32±4.32,11.41±2.75; 3.11±0.56,2.87±0.47,46.23±11.21,3.11±0.56,P＜0.01 or 0.05).There were significant difference between the two group in LF/HF (1.51 ±0.19 vs 1.17±0.11,P＜0.01),HF((311.21 ±72.32) ms2/Hz vs (490.43 ± 91.74)ms2/Hz,P＜0.01),LF((469.49±85.67)ms2/Hzvs (573.21±98.75) ms2/Hz,P＜0.01) in HRV.Results of linear regression analysis showed that gender,and scores of PSAS total,cognitive arousal,presleep cognitive arousal,presleep somatic arousal,neuroticism,emotion oriented and LF/HF were significant correlation with FIRST score (P＜0.01 or 0.05).Conclusion Presleep cognitive and somatic arousal,neurotic character may be the premorbid characteristics of stress-related sleep disturbance,and bad stress coping strategies are easy to promote the development of insomnia.
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Objective To compare with the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) between the left and the right prefrontal on refractory negative symptoms and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Methods 80 hospitalized schizophrenics with refractory negative symptoms were divided into study group (n=40) and control group (n=40) randomly. Both groups were received 4-week treatment of 10 Hz rTMS. The stimulus lo?cation of the study group was the left prefrontal, and the control group was the right prefrontal. The type and dose of anti?psychotics remained unchanged during the treatment. The evaluation of positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and the measurement of BDNF concentration before treatment and after 4 weeks treatment was analyzed. Results Com?pared with before treatment, the total score of PANSS after treatment significantly decreased (P<0.05) both in the study group [(71.2±13.8) vs. (63.3±11.4)] and the control group [(70.3±13.4) vs. (63.7±12.2)]. The score of negative symptoms in the study group decreased [(22.8±6.6) vs. (18.4±5.9), P<0.01]. The BDNF concentration increased in the study group ](6.78±2.16) vs. (8.74±2.76)] and the control group [(6.83±2.32) vs. (8.66±2.70)]. Conclusion 10Hz rTMS on the left pre?frontal combined with drugs are helpful to improve the refractory negative symptom of the patients with schizophrenia. Stimulation on both left and right prefrontal lobe could increase serum BDNF concentration.
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ObjectiveTo explore the metabolite status on prefrontal lobe and thalamus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and affecting factors in patients of schizophrenia.Methods 159 schizophrenics met with CCMD-3 and 45 normal controls were examined at prefrontal lobe and thalamus by multi-voxel 1H-MRS.The N-acetylaspartate ( NAA),Choline-congtaining compounds ( Cho),and Creatine compounds (Cr)were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr were determined. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS),and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were also assessed.ResultsOn left prefrontal lobe of patients,the NAA/Cr ratio demonstrated lower than that in normal controls (1.42 ±0.34 vs.1.64 ±0.39,t =3.70,P＜0.01 ).The same phenomenon were appeared on left thalamus (1.46±0.35 vs.1.66±0.38,t=3.32,P＜0.01) and on right thalamus (1.49±0.34 vs.1.62±0.37,t=2.04,P ＜ 0.05 ).Contributing to the NAA/Cr ratio,main influencing factors on left prefrontal lobe were age of onset,duration of illness,score of negative symptoms,antipsychotic treatment,total score of PANSS,Categories completed of WCST,total score of SDSS,year of education.Main influencing factors on left thalamus were age of onset,duration of illness,antipsychotic treatment.Main influencing factors on right thalamus were duration of illness,age of onset,score of negative symptoms,antipsychotic treatment,and family history.ConclusionsAbnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity presented on prefrontal lobe and thalamus in schizophrenics are related to many respects,especially age of onset,duration of illness and antipsychotic treatment.
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ObjectivesTo explore the characteristic of different subtypes of depression on prefrontal lobe and hippocampus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS),and its relationship.Methods 46 patients of depression,which were met with the third edition of the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CC-MD-Ⅲ ) since December 2010 to March 2012 from Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute,were examined at prefrontal lobe and hippocampus by multi-voxel 1 H-MRS.They were divided into male ( n =25) and female ( n =21 ),early-onset subtype ( n =26) and late-onset subtype ( n =20 ),short-duration of illness ( n =23 )and long-duration of illness ( n =23 ) by different criteria.The N-acetylaspartate ( NAA),Choline-congtaining compounds (Cho),and Creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr were determined.ResultsOn left prefrontal lobe,the NAA/Cr ratios in patients of male ( 1.83 ± 0.19),late-onset subtype (1.86 ±0.16),and short-duration of illness ( 1.83 ±0.17) showed higher than those in female ( 1.70 ±0.12,t=2.711,P ＜ 0.01 ),early-onset subtype ( 1.70 ± 0.19,t =3.028,P ＜ 0.01 ),and long-duration of illness ( 1.71±0.20,t =2.192,P＜0.05).Both on left prefrontal and on left thalamus,the ratios of NAA/Cr were positively correlated with the age of onset ( r=0.493 and 0.478,P＜0.01 ),and were negatively correlated with the duration of illness ( r =- 0.482 and - 0.470,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsDifferent subtypes of depression maybe have different characteristics of 1H-MRS due to the age of onset and the duration of illness.
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Objective To investigate the acute mountain sickness of servicemen during4.14Yushu earhquake relief work,and analyze the related factors of the sickness at the initial phase of acute plateau exposure.Methods 162 servicemen were sampled randomly and clusteringly from Yushu relief force during.the inidal phase of acute plateau exposure.According to theDiagnosis and treatment principles of the acute mountain sickness,the prevalence of the acute mountain sickness was judged among the servicemen.The scales of general status invested score(GSIS),the self-rating symptom scale(SCL-90)and the life event scale(LES)were used to investigate the related factors of the acute mountain sickness.Results 65.4% of servicemen in earthquake relief work had acute mountain sickness,including mild 17.3%,moderate 31.5%and severe 16.7%.The occurrences of pant,palpitation,dizziness,lips cyanosis and headache,were higher than other symptoms,accounting for 83.6%,79.1%,73.1%,61.2%and 58.2%.The positive significant correlation was found among the symptoms score of acute mountain sickness and age,marriage,trauma history,negative events,and the most genes(somatization,obsession,depression,anxiety,hostility,fear,paranoia,appetite,sleep)and total score of SCL-90(r=0.188～0.619,P<0.01 or 0.05).There was negative significant correlation among the symptoms score and the personality and social support(r=-0.254,P<0.01;r=-0.285,P<0.01).Regression analysis showed that the somatization,personality,marriage,social support and age were more important than other factors.Conclusion Attention should be paid to the acute mountmn sickness in the relief force during the initial phase of acute plateau exposure,and the morbidity rate of acute mountain sickness were correlated with the somatization,personality,marriage,social support and age.
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Objective To investigate the effects of comprehensive psychological intervention on psychological and biochemical indexes of servicemen in three degree combat readiness. Methods 189 servicemen in three degree combat readiness were randomly divided into the study group and the control group by squad. Beyond the same exercise and education as the control group, the study group received the comprehensive psychological intervention in the course. They were all assessed with Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) ,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) ,and simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) at the day entering three degree combat readiness (prereadiness) and the next day after the mission (post-readiness). The serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase ( SOD), malondialdehyde ( MDA), cortisol ( COR), and aldosterone (ALD) were determined to evaluate biochemical indexes at the same time. Results Compared with the control group after the combat readiness, the total scores of SDS( (42.1 ± 9.3 ) vs (49.2 ± 10.3 ) ) and SAS( (43.8 ± 7.2) vs (50.6 ± 10.2), P＜ 0. 01 ) were lower, the score of the positive coping style ( ( 21.2 ± 6.4) vs ( 18.2 ± 5.4), P ＜ 0. 05 ) was higher in the study group.Meanwhile,the levels of MDA( (2.6 ±0.51 ) μmol/L) ,COR( (252.5 ±52.4) ng/ml) ,and ALD ( (97.5 ±24.4) pg/ml) were lower ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), the activity of SOD ( ( 1551 ± 354 ) U/gHb) was higher ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) after the combat readiness. In the control group post-readiness, the total scores of SDS (49.2 ± 10.3) and SAS (50.6± 10.2) ,the levels of MDA ( (2.9 ±0.35 ) μmol/L) ,COR( (333.8 ±62.6) ng/ml) ,and ALD( ( 123.8 ±29.6)pg/ml ) increased significantly (P＜0.01), the score of the positive coping style ( 18.2 ± 5.4) and the activity of SOD ( 1302 ± 352 ) U/gHb decreased significantly ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The total scores of SDS, SAS were negatively related to the level of SOD ( r= -0. 142, -0. 119, P＜0. 0lor 0.05) ,and positively related to COR ( r=0. 156,0. 159, P＜0. 01 ) and ALD ( r=0.151,0.156, P＜0. 01 ). The score of positive coping style was positively related to the level of SOD ( r=0. 141, P＜0. 01 ) ,and negatively related to COR and ALD ( r= -0. 152, -0. 155, P＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Comprehensive psychological intervention could effectively improve the psychological and biochemical indexes,reduce the stress level of servicemen in three degree combat readiness.